Journal: Molecular metabolism

Article Title: Sodium-glucose co-transporter2 expression and inflammatory activity in diabetic atherosclerotic plaques: Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter2 inhibitor treatment.

doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101337

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2: Atherosclerotic plaque phenotypes. (A) Immunochemistry for nitrotyrosine (X40), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) (X40), collagen content (X40), macrophages (CD68) (X40), and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (X40), and in non-diabetic, current Sodium-Glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)-user, and never SGLT2i-user asymptomatic plaques. Similar regions of plaque are shown. These results are typical of control, current SGLT2i-user, and never SGLT2i-user asymptomatic plaques. Nega- tive controls were presented in Supplementary Figure 8. (B) Nitrotyrosine, TNF-a, collagen content, CD68, and MMP-9 in current SGLT2i-user and never SGLT2i-user asymptomatic plaques (The box plots show the median, 25th and 75th percentiles, range, and extreme values). *P < 0.05 vs plaques from patients without diabetes. xP < 0.05 vs current SGLT2i-user plaques.

Article Snippet: The assessment of cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MCP-1) was performed with specific ELISA assays (human interleukin-6 ELISA, BioVendor, RD194015200R; human interleukin-8, BioVendor, RD194558200R; ELISA Cymax TNF-alpha ELISA, YIF-LF-EK0193; human MCP-1 ELISA, BioVendor, RAF081R, respectively) according to the manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Postbiotics derived from recombinant lactic acid bacteria exhibit high IL6-binding capacity and suppress IL6-induced STAT3 signaling

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657810

Figure Lengend Snippet: Killing efficiency of different physicochemical treatments on recombinant L. lactis strains displaying different binders of proinflammatory cytokines on their surface. The killing efficiency was determined by culturing and counting colonies on agar plates. Complete killing of bacteria i.e., 0 CFU/mL (no bacterial colonies on agar plates) was considered as 100% efficiency. pSD-ZIL6, L. lactis displaying anti-IL6 affibody; pSD-ZTNF, L. lactis displaying anti-TNF affibody; pSD-Fyn17, L. lactis displaying anti-IL17 fynomer; pSD-EVA, L. lactis displaying anti-IL8 evasin; pNZ8148, L. lactis harboring empty plasmid. The results presented are means ± standard deviation (SD) of three technical replicates from a representative experiment.

Article Snippet: Briefly, serial dilutions of IL6 (0.32, 0.65, 1.31, 2.62, 5.25, 10.5, 21, 42 nM; HZ-1019, Proteintech) were incubated with a fixed number of recombinant bacteria (8 × 10 6 CFU) for 2 h in a final volume of 200 μl.

Techniques: Recombinant, Bacteria, Plasmid Preparation, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Postbiotics derived from recombinant lactic acid bacteria exhibit high IL6-binding capacity and suppress IL6-induced STAT3 signaling

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657810

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine binding ability of recombinant L. lactis bacteria displaying different binders of proinflammatory cytokines on their surface upon exposure to bacteria-killing treatments. ELISA-determined concentrations of recombinant IL6 (A) , TNF (B) , IL17 (C) , and IL8 (D) that remained in the solution following incubation with the corresponding strain of bacteria before and after treatment with heat (70 °C, 40 min or 100 °C, 30 min), sonication, ethanol, UV, and gamma irradiation. pSD-ZIL6, L. lactis displaying ZIL6 affibody; pSD-ZTNF, L. lactis displaying anti-TNF affibody; pSD-Fyn17, L. lactis displaying anti-IL17 fynomer; pSD-EVA, L. lactis displaying anti-IL8 evasin; Ctrl: L. lactis control cells containing empty plasmid pNZ8148. The results are presented as means ± SD of three technical replicates of a representative experiment. ns, p = 0.09; *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p = 0.002; ***, p < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed t -test).

Article Snippet: Briefly, serial dilutions of IL6 (0.32, 0.65, 1.31, 2.62, 5.25, 10.5, 21, 42 nM; HZ-1019, Proteintech) were incubated with a fixed number of recombinant bacteria (8 × 10 6 CFU) for 2 h in a final volume of 200 μl.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Recombinant, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Incubation, Sonication, Irradiation, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Postbiotics derived from recombinant lactic acid bacteria exhibit high IL6-binding capacity and suppress IL6-induced STAT3 signaling

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657810

Figure Lengend Snippet: Determination of binding affinity of ZIL6-displaying L. lactis for human IL6. A constant number of 8 × 10 6 CFU bacteria was incubated with increasing concentrations of human IL6 for 2 h. MFI values were measured by flow cytometry and binding curves were fitted to the data using the Hill equation in the GraphPad Prism v.10.3.1. The dissociation constants (Kd) values were calculated from the binding curves for non-treated, live ZIL6-displaying L. lactis bacteria and bacteria treated by heat (70 °C, 40 min or 100 °C, 30 min), sonication, ethanol, and UV irradiation. Data are means ± SD of three technical replicates from a representative experiment.

Article Snippet: Briefly, serial dilutions of IL6 (0.32, 0.65, 1.31, 2.62, 5.25, 10.5, 21, 42 nM; HZ-1019, Proteintech) were incubated with a fixed number of recombinant bacteria (8 × 10 6 CFU) for 2 h in a final volume of 200 μl.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Bacteria, Incubation, Flow Cytometry, Sonication, Irradiation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Postbiotics derived from recombinant lactic acid bacteria exhibit high IL6-binding capacity and suppress IL6-induced STAT3 signaling

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657810

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of the maximum binding capacity of ZIL6-displaying L. lactis . Increasing concentrations of recombinant human IL6 (0.45, 4.5, 45 and 450 ng) were incubated with a constant number of bacteria (4.5 × 10 7 CFU equivalent to 0.1 mg dry cell weight) in 450 μl. Residual IL6 in the supernatants was quantified by ELISA for live non-treated bacteria and the cells treated by heat (70 °C, 40 min or 100 °C, 30 min), sonication, ethanol, and UV irradiation. The percentage of bound IL6 was calculated from the difference measured in the presence of ZIL6-displaying L. lactis and control bacteria (carrying empty plasmid pNZ8148). The data are means ± SD of two biological replicates. The asterisks denote statistically significant differences between treated and non-treated bacteria for each concentration. ***, p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison test).

Article Snippet: Briefly, serial dilutions of IL6 (0.32, 0.65, 1.31, 2.62, 5.25, 10.5, 21, 42 nM; HZ-1019, Proteintech) were incubated with a fixed number of recombinant bacteria (8 × 10 6 CFU) for 2 h in a final volume of 200 μl.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Recombinant, Incubation, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Sonication, Irradiation, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Postbiotics derived from recombinant lactic acid bacteria exhibit high IL6-binding capacity and suppress IL6-induced STAT3 signaling

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657810

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Inhibition of STAT3 signaling in HEKblue-IL6R cells by non-viable ZIL6-displaying L. lactis bacteria in comparison to live non-treated strain. ZIL6-displaying L. lactis cells (1 × 10 8 CFU/mL or 1 × 10 9 CFU/mL) were preincubated with IL6 (1 ng/mL) for 2 h. After removal of bacterial cells, the cell-free supernatant containing remainder of IL6 was added to HEKblue-IL6R cells to induce the reporter system. The percentage of STAT3 inhibition was calculated relative to the STAT3 signaling induced by IL6 in the absence of bacteria. The inhibition of STAT3 signaling was determined for live non-treated bacteria and the cells treated by heat (70 °C, 40 min or 100 °C, 30 min), sonication, ethanol, UV, and gamma irradiation. pSD-ZIL6, L. lactis displaying ZIL6 affibody; Ctrl: L. lactis control cells containing empty plasmid pNZ8148. An anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody (Ab) was used as a positive control. The data are means ± SD of four biological replicates. The asterisks denote statistically significant differences between treated and non-treated bacteria for each concentration. ***, p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison test). (B) The effect of lactic acid production by L. lactis on viability of HEKblue-IL6R cells. HEKblue-IL6R cells (100 000 cells/well) were incubated with ZIL6-displaying L. lactis (2 × 10 7 bacteria/well) for 6, 12, and 24 h, and the viability of HEKblue-IL6R cells was determined with trypan blue. The data are means ± SD of three technical replicates of a representative experiment.

Article Snippet: Briefly, serial dilutions of IL6 (0.32, 0.65, 1.31, 2.62, 5.25, 10.5, 21, 42 nM; HZ-1019, Proteintech) were incubated with a fixed number of recombinant bacteria (8 × 10 6 CFU) for 2 h in a final volume of 200 μl.

Techniques: Inhibition, Bacteria, Comparison, Sonication, Irradiation, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Positive Control, Concentration Assay, Incubation